《推進發展中國家的可再生能源》報告.pdf

ADVANCING RENEWABLES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Progress of projects supported through the IRENA/ADFD Project Facility January 2019? IRENA and ADFD, 2019 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA and ADFD as the joint sources and copyright holders. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material. ISBN 978-92-9260-102-7 Disclaimer This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA and ADFD to verify the reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA, ADFD, nor any of their officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers provide a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the publication or material herein. The ination contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of ADFD or the Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA or ADFD in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed, and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA and ADFD concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. ADFD herein states that it has no agent, representative, intermediary or any other indirect representation acting on its behalf. Headquarters, Masdar City P.O. Box 236, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates www.irena.org King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Street P.O. Box 814, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates www.adfd.aeMessage from the ADFD Director General The United Arab Emirates UAE has retained the title of world’s top donor of official development assistance for five years in a row. The Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD noted the UAE’s total contribution of more than USD 5.2 billion AED 19.3 billion in development aid in 2017, which reached 147 countries around the globe. Foreign development aid amounted to more than 1.3 of the UAE’s gross national income – almost double the recommended target set by the United Nations. Abu Dhabi Fund for Development ADFD is proud to have played a significant role in achieving this recognition. Established as the leading national entity for development aid in July 1971, shortly before the birth of the UAE federation, ADFD has played a game-changing role in driving sustainable socio-economic growth and enhancing living standards in developing nations. It has done so by providing concessional loans and managing the UAE government grants in key sectors, including renewable energy. Through our innovative partnership with the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA, ADFD has committed USD 350 million over seven funding cycles to the IRENA/ ADFD Project Facility. To date, this ground-breaking joint initiative has enabled ADFD-funded loans totalling USD 214 million over five annual cycles. We are proud of our synergies with IRENA, which have enhanced our collaboration to support replicable, scalable and potentially transative renewable energy projects. As the first of these projects approach commissioning, they set to truly benefit communities and improve people’s living conditions. We look forward to receiving applications for further funding cycles. Mohammed Saif Al Suwaidi Director General Abu Dhabi Fund for Development ADVANCING RENEWABLES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 4Message from the IRENA Director-General Rapidly improving renewable energy technologies now provide a cost-competitive pathway to expand energy access and improve socio-economic welfare. Their deployment needs to be scaled up substantially for the world to meet the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations for 2030. This crucial transation promises to grow economies, empower local communities and, at the same time, mitigate emissions and build resilience to climate change. Partnerships are key to supporting renewable energy deployment in low-income developing countries, and the IRENA/ADFD Project Facility mplifies what innovative partnerships can achieve. To date, the Project Facility has received over 500 applications for low-cost loans. This report highlights the progress of 16 selected projects, located across Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and the Pacific, that are now moving forward through various stages of implementation. Several of those projects are set to start generating clean, sustainable, renewable electricity within the coming year. The current IRENA/ADFD portfolio could bring energy access to an estimated 4 million people or more. Along with creating new jobs and strengthening people’s livelihoods, the benefits include providing clean water and electrifying health centres and schools. All this amounts to a transative impact for local communities. I would like to express our deep appreciation to the United Arab Emirates for their commitment to support renewable energy deployment in developing countries through the IRENA/ADFD Project Facility. IRENA is grateful to ADFD for the fruitful collaboration throughout successive funding cycles to date. As developing countries seek climate-safe energy solutions, the demand for low-cost project finance continues growing. Together, we can develop solutions to help deliver renewable energy deployment around the world. Adnan Z. Amin Director General International Renewable Energy Agency Progress of projects supported through the IRENA/ADFD Project Facility 5Contents CUTIVE SUMMARY 7 INTRODUCTION . 8 PORTFOLIO PROGRESS HIGHLIGHTS .10 FIRST CYCLE 14 Maldives 14 Mali .16 Mauritania 18 Sierra Leone .20 SECOND CYCLE 22 Argentina 22 Cuba .24 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .26 THIRD CYCLE 28 Antigua and Barbuda 28 Burkina Faso 30 Senegal 32 FOURTH CYCLE 34 Marshall Islands .34 Niger .36 Seychelles .38 Solomon Islands 40 FIFTH CYCLE 42 Mauritius 42 Rwanda 44 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 46 Implementation and process improvements, 2014 - 2018 .46 2019 OUTLOOK 47 ADVANCING RENEWABLES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 6CUTIVE SUMMARY As part of the United Arab Emirates’ UAE bid to host the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development ADFD committed to provide USD 350 million in concessional co-financing for the implementation of government-supported renewable energy projects in developing countries. Spread over seven annual selection cycles, the funding is allocated to projects that are recommended by IRENA. The IRENA/ADFD Project Facility is the result of this commitment and represents a partnership between these two organisations to promote renewable energy in developing countries. Since January 2014, a total of 21 projects have been selected through the IRENA/ADFD Project Facility to receive concessional loans in five annual cycles. Those loans, allocated by ADFD based on IRENA recommendations, amount to USD 214 million. Of the 21 selected projects, 16 have already advanced through several stages of implementation, as defined by ADFD funding procedures. Seven of these are at construction/installation stage and are expected to begin power generation in 2019. This report reviews the progress achieved to date in implementing the selected projects and highlights their expected development impacts, as reported by project proponents. In the first cycle, solar PV projects in Mali and Sierra Leone, a wind power project in Mauritania and a waste-to- energy project in the Maldives have all reached the construction/installation stages. The second cycle features a hydropower project in Argentina, which remains in the tendering stage; a solar PV project in Cuba that has reached installation; and a geothermal energy project in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines for which civil works are underway. Progressing in the third cycle is a hybrid wind– solar PV project in Antigua and Barbuda, which is under construction; and solar PV projects in Burkina Faso and Senegal, for which loan agreements are being finalised. Fourth cycle projects include solar PV initiatives in Niger and the Marshall Islands that have reached the loan agreement processing stage; a solar PV project in the Seychelles that is now under construction; and a hydropower project in the Solomon Islands that is expected to reach financial close by the end of 2018. Of the two projects progressing in the fifth cycle, loan agreements are being processed for a solar PV project in Mauritius that has already entered its pilot phase, and a second solar PV project in Rwanda that is at the pre-loan approval stage. The selection process for the sixth cycle of projects is near completion, and the results will be announced in January 2019 during the ninth session of the IRENA Assembly. The IRENA/ADFD partnership is contributing to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by supporting developing countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future. Progress of projects supported through the IRENA/ADFD Project Facility 7Note Upon completion of the sixth cycle, selected projects were announced during the ninth session of the IRENA Assembly in January 2019. Disclaimer Boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply any official endorsement or acceptance by IRENA. INTRODUCTION The IRENA/ADFD Project Facility has completed five selection cycles since 2014, resulting in the allocation of USD 214 million by the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development ADFD to 21 selected projects. Projects are funded by ADFD based on an agreed selection process and resulting recommendations by the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA. The geographical distribution of the projects is shown in Figure 1. F F Figure Selected projects in the five cycles                                
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d  Th d  u h  f h             ADVANCING RENEWABLES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 8After announcing the selected projects in each cycle, IRENA connects the project proponents and host government representatives with ADFD to jointly work through five main stages of advancement toward their implementation. IRENA also facilitates engagements between ADFD and the project team to support communication and project progress monitoring. The main post-selection stages are as follows 1. Preliminary loan offer, acceptance and project appraisal. 2. Agreement signing and ratification. 3. Procurement of consulting engineers to support the Project Implementation Unit PIU in providing project oversight. 4. Procurement of Engineering Procurement and Construction EPC contractors. 5. Construction/installation and commissioning stage; includes several disbursements to the project, as per milestones set by the PIU. The signing of a new co-operation agreement in 2016 further strengthened the partnership between ADFD and IRENA IRENA Photograph Progress of projects supported through the IRENA/ADFD Project Facility 9PORTFOLIO PROGRESS HIGHLIGHTS By the end of November 2018, 16 of the 21 projects were progressing through the post selection stages. Seven of those 16 projects are expected to begin generating electricity in 2019. Technology options, country political and economic factors, climate-induced/environmental factors, and the implementation capacity of the proponents are all key attributes that contribute to the rate of progress of the projects. Of those projects progressing with ADFD funding, seven or 44 have reached have reached the construction/ commissioning stage stage 5; three are in procurement stages 3 and 4; five are in the agreement/ratification stage stage 2 and only one project remains in the preliminary loan offer stage stage 1 Figure 2. The sections below provide updates on the progress of the projects at various critical milestones and list the challenges faced by each project to date. Funding allocation Over the past five cycles, some of the funding remained unallocated and unused and is now being made available to projects selected in the upcoming cycles. The IRENA/ADFD Project Facility encourages more government-priority projects from eligible countries to apply for these funds in the upcoming cycles. Status of loan agreements processing Of the 16 progressing projects, ten have signed and ratified their loan agreements, qualifying them for loan disbursements. Of the remaining six projects, five are at the agreement/ratification stage and one remains at the preliminary loan offer stage. Projects expected to begin generation in 2019 Seven projects are expected to begin generating electricity in 2019. Of these projects, three are from the first cycle; the remaining four are from cycles 2–5, as shown in Table 1. The IRENA/ADFD Project Facility encourages more government-priority projects from eligible countries to apply for funds in upcoming cycles ADVANCING RENEWABLES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 10F F Figure Progress of projects                        F F Table Progress towards project completion Cycle Project Status 1 st Maldives Small-scale waste-to- energy project. The first of the two facilities in this project will be commissioned. The second facility will be commissioned in 2019. 1 st Mali Hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification in 32 villages. Hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification are expected to reach completion in the first 10 of 32 villages in 2019. 1 st Sierra Leone Solar Park Freetown Project is at the installation phase and is expected to be commissioned in 2019. 2 nd Cuba 10MW Grid connect