中國建筑節能標準-成果及展望.pdf
中國 建筑節能標準 -成果及展望Building Energy Efficiency Standard in China – Development and Outlook建筑環境 與節能研究院Institute of Building Environment and Energy2019.0522 昆明 Kunming目錄 Outline1 國內建筑節能標準發展Development of Building Energy Efficiency Standard and Codes in China2 建筑能效標識國內經驗Building Energy Label in China3 建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept 上世紀八十年代初原建設部開始組織開展建筑節能 工作 BEE work starts from 1980’s by Ministry of Construction 地區、建筑類型考慮 原則 Prioritize development by climate zone and building type 先北方(嚴寒和寒冷地區),然后中部(夏熱冬冷地區 )和南方 (夏熱冬 暖 /溫和地區 ) Cold climate towards warm 先居住建筑,后公共建筑 ; Residential building towards public 先新建,后改造 。 New towards existing 已建立覆蓋 5個氣候區、工程建設全過程的節能標準 體系BEE standardization cover all 5 climatezones and construction stages我國建筑節能標準發展歷程Development of BEE standard and codes in ChinaClimate zones in China發展初期 Early Stages基準 100BaselineGB50189-2005EE 50GB50189-2015EE 65Future未來( 小步快跑 /快速提升) 近零 /零Small steps/Fast pace towards NZEB歷史 History50657582.595JGJ26-95EE 5030JGJ26-2010EE 65居住建筑 節能 標準Residential building BEE standards公共建筑節能 標準Public building BEE standards1980 1985 1995 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030JGJ26-86EE 30JGJ26-201*EE 75我國建筑節能標準發展歷程Development of BEE standard and codes in China建筑節能“三步走”戰略完成 Strategic goal achieved by 2015 嚴寒和寒冷地區 居住建筑 節能設計達到相對于上世紀 80年代建筑節能 65的 水平 Building energyconsumption reduced by 65 for residential building in cold climate zones 全國范圍公共建筑節能設計達到相對于上世紀 80年代建筑節能 65的 水平 Public building energy consumption reduced by 65 nationwide 除強制性標準繼續不斷提升,還需要有引導性標準,面向 未來 Call for guiding and leading code我國建筑節能標準發展歷程Development of BEE standard and codes in China我國更高目標建筑節能 標準 Higher BEE standards in development 2015年住建部頒布 被動式超低能耗綠色建筑導則 (居住建筑 )Publishing of ‘ Technical guidelines for passive ultra-low green building’ in 2015 2019年 住建部 頒布 國家標準 近零能耗建筑技術標準 GB/T51350Publishing of ‘ Standard of technical requirement for Nearly Zero EnergyBuilding of China’ GB/T51350 in 2019 強制性標準繼續不斷 提升 -2015年 嚴寒和寒冷地區居住建筑節能設計標準 JGJ26-2010修訂 Continuous strengthening and development ofcompulsory building standards適應氣候特征和自然條件,通過被動式技術手段,最大幅度降低建筑供暖供冷需求,最大幅度提高能源設備與系統效率,充分利用建筑物本體及周邊或外購的可再生能源,使可再生能源全年供能大于等于建筑物全年全部用能的建筑。適應氣候特征和自然條件,通過被動式技術手段,最大幅度降低建筑供暖供冷需求,最大幅度提高能源設備與系統效率,利用可再生能源,優化能源系統運行,以最少的能源消耗提供舒適室內 環境 。適應氣候特征和自然條件,通過被動式技術手段,大幅降低建筑供暖供冷需求,提高能源設備與系統效率,以更少的能源消耗提供舒適室內環境的建筑零能耗建筑 ----可再生能源大于等于建筑自身用 能Zero energy building- generated energy no less than consumption近零能耗建筑 ----利用 可再生能源Nearly zero energy building NZEB – with renewable energy超低能耗建筑 ----不借助可再生能源,主被動技術能達到的 水平Ultra low energy building ULEB – Best BEE level without using renewable energy5060-75100我國建筑節能標準發展歷程Development of BEE standard and codes in China超低能耗、 近 零 能耗、零能耗建筑定義Definition of Nearly Zero Energy buildings of China日本 2030建筑節能路線圖Japan 2030 Roadmap of ZEB歐美等發達國家相繼提出了 2020、 2030年近 /凈零能耗建筑發展目標,并開展了技術集成專項研究與 示范Developed countries in Europe and North America proposed their NZEB development goals for 2020/2030 推動 建筑邁向近零能耗是全球的發展 趨勢Advancing BEE towards NZEB is a global trend歐盟 20-20-20英國 2019年公共建筑達到零碳;德國 2020年 新建建筑達到近零 能耗European Union-EPBD 20-20-20美國 2030年達到凈零 能耗USA Net Zero by 2030丹麥 2020年后居住建筑全年冷熱需求降低至 20kWh/m2Denmark Heating and cooling demand reduced to 20kWh/m2 by 2020韓國 2025年居住建筑達到零 碳Korea Zero-carbon house by 2025我國建筑節能標準發展歷程Development of BEE standard and codes in China全球發展趨勢Globaltrend? 發展 趨勢 Global trend 更高目標的近零能耗、零能耗建筑是建筑節能發展的 必然趨勢 Towards higher goal of Net/Nearly Energy is a global trend of BEE development? 規定 方式 Perance requirement? 近零能耗建筑定義不 統一 Different definitions 不同國家根據自身情況定義邊界、包含的 范圍 等 Definition varies by country, in term of building energy boundary and energy coverage建筑構件 /設備的規定 指標Parts規定指標 整體性能 要求 Parts and holistic 建筑整體性能要求 holistic 建筑節能起步階段 建筑節能發展階段 更 高目標( 近零能耗 /零 能耗 )Early stage Well-developed Towards NZEB我國建筑節能標準發展歷程Development of BEE standard and codes in China目錄 Outline1 國內建筑節能標準發展Development of Building Energy Efficiency Standard and Codes in China2 建筑能效標識國內經驗Building Energy Label in China3 建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept 建筑 能效標識指按照建筑節能相關標準和技術要求、以及統一的測評方法和工作程序,通過對建筑物能源消耗量進行檢測或評估等手段,進行標識的活動 。Building Energy Label label of building energy level by prescribed rules and procedure.建筑能效標識國內經驗Building Energy Label in China建筑能效標識的基本概念 Fundamental of Building Energy Label加拿大新建建筑節能認證Energy Guide of Canada 明示建筑能耗狀況 ,加強市場透明度Disclose building energy consumption, and increase market transparency 建筑節能的 助推器 , 促進高節能建筑的發展Enhance BEE by showing discrepancy and promote higher perance 對開發商起到 管理、監督和激勵 作用Provide incentive to real estate developers, along with management and supervision by government entities 實施建筑節能 經濟激勵 政策的 基礎Establish basis to implement economical measures, e.g. subsidy, allowance建筑能效標識的作用 Benefits 2010 年發布 建筑能效標識技術導則 Technical guide of ‘Building energy label’, issued in 2010 2012年發布行業標準 建筑能效標識技術標準 JGJ/T 288 National standard ‘Technical standard of building energy label’ published in 2012 只 提供評級 ,不做技術 建議 Labelling only, with no recommendation of technical measures for renovation 建筑 能效標識為 非強制標準 ,示范項目推廣 起步較 慢 Non-compulsory standard, piloting projects slowly showing its impact 近年來 建筑能效 標識在 廣東、山東等 地結合綠建標識 推廣成效 顯著 Significant advancement achieved in developed coastal provinces, in conjunction with implementation of Green Building Three-star Label建筑能效標識國內經驗Building Energy Label in China建筑能效 標識國內經驗 Building Energy Label in China三星等級Three-star rating必要性 Why NOW 三十年 建筑節能 工作 基礎 如綠 建 標識和 可再生能源推廣, 近零能耗 建筑國標發布等Foundation laid by 30 years experience of BEE building in China, e.g. ‘China Green Building Label’, Piloting of building renewable energy, publishing of NZEB standards 既有 建筑 量大面廣,能效和室內環境 提升潛力 巨大, 將成為中國 建筑能效提升主要領域Transit towards renovation of massive existing building due to its great potential of improvement of building energy efficiency and indoor environment. 需要 提高改造 投資有效性 -改造技術建議的重要性Call for weightoff between technical and economical considerations and increase of capital investment effectiveness, therefore the need of recommendation for technical measures. 發達 城市經濟水平能夠支撐大規模城市更新 -下一個經濟增長點 Possibility of scaling up of district-level renovation from rising economy of well-developed cities-leading to next focal point for boost of local economy建筑能效分級的必要性 Why Building Energy Certificate-BEC now建筑能效標識國內經驗Building Energy Label in China 工具uation tools 建筑 類型Building category 氣候區Climate zones特殊關注點 Items to note建筑能效分級 的特殊性 How to BEC now 計算范圍Building energy to be included 應用范圍Scope of implementation建筑能效標識國內經驗Building Energy Label in China目錄 Outline1 國內建筑節能標準發展Development of Building Energy Efficiency Standard and Codes in China2 建筑能效標識國內經驗Building Energy Label in China3 建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept數據 收集Data collection能耗 計算Building energy calculation評級 方法Building energy certification改造 建議Technical measures方法主要基于建筑圖紙信息,輔助調研 。Based on drawings, assist with survey.軟件比對正確后采用相同軟件進行 計算One tool after validated results采用參照 建筑法Reference-building 輸入信息負荷計算結果能耗計算 結果 → load → energy工作內容Work Scope收集建筑物理、圍護結構、暖 通空調 系統、照明 系統信息Collect ination of building, envelope, HVAC, Lighting etc.計算建筑累計冷、熱負荷以及供暖 、 空調、照明能耗Heating/cooling demand and energy consumption確定參照體系推薦采用相對定級方法,基于 20棟建筑的計算 結果Based on 20 buildings, propose BEC certification level按照輸入結果,推薦改造 建議Based on calculation results, recommend technical measures備注Note內熱設置按照統一 設置Internal gain from unified setting參照 GEAK評級 系統Refer to GEAK system建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept建筑能效分級技術路線 Technical approach of BEC參照 標準 Reference 節能 率 BEE Rate近零能耗 建筑 NZEB η≥30超 低能耗建筑 ULEB 30> η≥20綠色 建筑 Green Building 20> η≥10JGJ134-2010、 GB50189-2015 10> η≥0JGJ134-2001、 GB50189-2005 0> η≥-3080年代 建筑 Building from 1980s η< -30建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept中國建筑能效分級 (初步建議 )Proposal of BEC concept preliminaryABCDEF建筑名稱 project name 建成 年代 year of construction項目地點 project location 建筑面積 building floor areaNote 僅 為初步 概念 Preliminary concept only。三醫創新 中心 Sanyi Innovation Center項目 名稱 Name 成都醫學 城 Chengdu Medical Campus建筑 類型 Type 辦公建筑 Office建筑 位置 Location 四川 -成都 Chengdu建筑面積 Floor area 5,600m2建筑 使用面積Conditioned floor area 6731.34m2建筑外表 面積Building surface area 4132.44m2建筑層 數Floor 5層 Five stories項目基本 信息 Building ination圍護結構 信息 Building envelope ination內容Items傳熱系數 Heat transfer coefficient W/㎡ K 遮陽系數 SHGC外墻 External wall 0.35 n/a屋面 Roof 0.20 n/a外 窗 Fenestration 2.0 0.15建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept建筑能效分級 -案例研究 Case study of BEC concept標準 Code 單位建筑面積累計熱負荷 accumulative heating load ( kWh/m2)單位建筑面積累計冷負荷 accumulative cooling load ( kWh/m2)一次 能耗Primary energy consumption( kWh/m2)節能 率Energy saving Rate( )能效 分級BEC近零能耗建筑技術標準 GB/T51350-2019近 零能耗建筑Design Code for nearly zero energy buildings GB/T51350-2019 NZEB2.44 37.24 40.41 37 A近零能耗建筑技術標準 -超低能耗建筑Design Code for nearly zero energy buildings GB/T51350-2019 Ultra-low energy building4.76 37.55 43.74 32 A設計 建筑( 綠建三星)Real building Green Building 3 stars)9.27 44.09 56.14 12 C公共建筑節能設計標準 GB50189-2015Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings GBGB50189-201511.73 48.86 64.11 0 D公共建筑節能設計標準 GB50189-2005Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings GBGB50189-200518.06 54.15 77.63 -21 E三醫創新 中心 Sanyi Innovation Center建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept建筑能效分級 -案例研究 Case study of BEC concept中國建筑能效 分級ABCDEF名稱三醫創新中心地點四川 成都建成年代 2019建筑面積 5600m2三醫創新 中心 Sanyi Innovation Center建筑能效分級概念方案Building Energy Certificate( BEC Concept建筑能效分級 -案例研究 Case study of BEC conceptproject name Sanyi innovation center year of construction 2019project location Sichuan-Chengdu building floor area 5600 m21 提高 建筑能效是節約能源,改善人居環境的需要,也是促進科技創新,創造新的就業機會,培育新的經濟增長點的重要 契機 Further advancing building energy efficiency is demand of building energy conservation and built environment improvement, as well as fostering new economic boosting area.2 近 零能耗建筑是建筑節能發展的更高目標和 必然趨勢 Towards higher goal of Net/Nearly Energy is a global trend of building energy efficiency development.3 建筑 能效 標識 /分級有助于加速中國 城市更新,提升 建筑能效和室內環境 水平 Building energy label and certification would potentially facilitate city renovation of china.4 結合中國現行建筑節能標準,本研究給出了建筑能效分級方法初步建議,試算結果顯示結果基本合理 Preliminary BEC concept is proposed based on current building energy efficiency standards, and case study shows reasonable results.總結Concluding remarks謝 謝 Thanks